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A Process Flow Diagram (PFD) is a schematic illustration that outlines the sequence of steps, major equipment, and flow of materials within a chemical or industrial process.

A typical PFD includes major process equipment (such as vessels, reactors, and heat exchangers), process piping, flow direction arrows, control valves, and critical process measurements like temperature and pressure.

While a PFD shows the general flow of processes and major equipment without minor details, a P&ID (Piping and Instrumentation Diagram) is highly detailed, showing all piping specifications, instrumentation, and control configurations.

PFDs are essential for conceptualizing the entire process, training operators, identifying potential optimization opportunities, and ensuring safety standards during the initial phases of engineering and design.

Engineers commonly use professional computer-aided design (CAD) software such as AutoCAD, Microsoft Visio, Aspen HYSYS, or specialized process simulation tools to build and design precise PFDs.