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A Process Flow Diagram (PFD) is a schematic illustration that shows the flow of chemical materials and the equipment involved in a process. It is widely used in chemical and process engineering to describe the general flow of plant processes and equipment.

Typically, a PFD includes major process equipment (such as vessels, columns, pumps, and heat exchangers), process piping, flow directions, control valves, and critical bypass system lines.

A PFD focuses on the major process steps and flow paths without showing minor details. In contrast, a P&ID includes all piping details, instrumentation, safety valves, and detailed control schemes, serving as a blueprint for construction.

It provides a clear overview of the entire system, helping engineers and operators understand the process sequence, optimize design parameters, identify potential bottlenecks, and train plant personnel safely.

Process flow diagrams generally follow international engineering standards such as ISO 10628, ANSI, or DIN, which define the symbols and formatting to ensure consistency across global engineering teams.